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Preventing HIV >

Prevention approaches

Information on HIV transmission and how to reduce the risk of infection

• Biology of HIV transmission
• Sexual health and safer sex: Understanding sexual risk-taking behaviours / Sexual health education / School-based education / Prevention for people living with HIV
• Substance use and harm reduction: Drug information / Understanding substance use behaviours / Safer substance use and harm reduction programs
• Tattoos and piercings
• Universal precautions and blood product safety
• Reproductive and maternal health
• Biomedical interventions: Condoms and other physical barriers /Circumcision / Pre-exposure prophylaxis for prevention (PEP) / Post-exposure prophylaxis for prevention (PrEP) / Treating HIV to prevent HIV transmission / Treating sexually transmitted infections to prevent HIV transmission / Microbicides / Vaccines
• Structural interventions
• Combination prevention

Biology of HIV transmission

Information on the specific biological factors that can increase the risk of sexual transmission of HIV

• HIV Transmission: An Overview
• Women and the Biology of HIV Transmission
• Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV Transmission
• HAART and HIV Transmission
• Transmission Guidelines for Assessing Risk: A resource for educators, counsellors and health care providers from the Canadian AIDS Society

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Sexual health and safer sex

Information on how to reduce the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

This section focuses on an integrated approach to preventing HIV infection. If you are looking for specific information on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or hepatitis C, please visit our Hepatitis C and sexually transmitted infections overview.

• Preventing and treating sexually transmitted infections in both partners from Managing your health
• Safer Sex from CATIE’s Hepatitis C Web site
• Transmission Guidelines for Assessing Risk: A resource for educators, counsellors and health care providers from the Canadian AIDS Society
• Quick Reference: Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections 2006 Edition from the Public Health Agency of Canada

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Understanding sexual risk-taking behaviours

Information for understanding sexual risk-taking behaviours

• Information on behavioural change intervention

Web sites

• Sexual Risk Behaviors – The U.S. CDC National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
• Alan Guttmacher Institute – U.S. institute for the advancement of sexual and reproductive health worldwide
• International Women’s Health Coalition – Promotion and protection of the sexual and reproductive rights and health of women and young people

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Sexual health education

Information for developing and implementing sexual health education programs and policies

• Canadian Guidelines for Sexual Health Education from the Public Health Agency of Canada
• More on sexual health information programs

Web sites

• Canadian Federation for Sexual Health  – a charitable organization promoting sexual and reproductive health and rights in Canada and abroad
• SexualityandU.ca – information and education on sexual health from the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC)

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School-based education

For information on resources for elementary and secondary schools, please visit our Educational resources for parents and teachers page.

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Prevention for people living with HIV

Information for sexual health promotion and prevention strategies for people living with HIV

• Positive prevention from Managing your health
• Pozitively Healthy – a guide to sex and health for gay men living with HIV
• HIV disclosure: a legal guide for gay men in Canada
• Poz Prevention: knowledge and practice guidance for providing sexual health services to gay men in Canada
• More on Treating HIV to prevent HIV transmission

Web sites

• Positive Prevention from the British Columbia Persons With AIDS Society
• Positive Women’s Network, Safer Sex
• www.stopserophobia.org – HIV stigma campaign for gay men living with HIV and on the gay community from COCQ-SIDA
• Safer Sex for the HIV Positive from TheBody.com

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Substance use and harm reduction

Information for reducing the risks for HIV and hepatitis C transmission in people who use substances

Drug information

Information on the different types of drugs

• Harm reduction as a tool to healthy living from Managing your health
• Staying safe from CATIE’s Hepatitis C Website – steps to take to keep you and others safe from the spread of Hep C and other infections
• Reduce your risk from CATIE’s Hepatitis C Website – options or choices to help you stay healthy, even when using drugs
• Harm reduction from CATIE’s Hepatitis C Website – a set of practical strategies that reduce the negative consequences of drug use
• More on Street drugs and other substances
  

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Understanding substance use behaviours

Information for understanding substance use behaviours

• Injection Drug Use and HIV in Canada – a snapshot of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among injection drug users in Canada
• More on Behavioural change interventions
  

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Safer substance use and harm reduction programs

Information for developing and implementing harm reduction programs and policies

• Learning from each other: Enhancing Community-Based Harm Reduction Programs and Practices in Canada – Executive Summary from the Canadian Harm Reduction Network and the Canadian AIDS Society
• Injection Drug Use and HIV/AIDS: Legal and Ethical Issues from the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
• Needle Exchange Programs and the HIV Outbreak among Injection Drug Users in Vancouver, Canada: Addressing Some Common Misperceptions from the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
• Distributing safer crack use kits in Canada: Questions and Answers
• Reducing the risk of getting HIV from injection drug use from TheBody.com
• More on Safer substance use programs
• More on Drug policy and harm reduction

Web sites

• Canadian Harm Reduction Network – a virtual meeting place for individuals and organizations dedicated to reducing the social, health and economic harms associated with drugs and drug policies
• Injecting drugs, drug users, HIV and AIDS from Avert
• Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
• National Anti-Drug Strategy from the Government of Canada

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Tattoos and piercings

Information for reducing the risks of HIV and hepatitis C transmission related to tattoos and piercings

• Safer tattooing and piercing from CATIE’s Hepatitis C Website
• Tattooing & you: the safe-guards within prison from PASAN
• Tattooing and piercing from Health Canada

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Universal precautions and blood product safety

Information on routine practices to reduce the risks of HIV and hepatitis C transmission from occupational exposure, blood products and sharing personal grooming supplies

• Blood safety & the security of Canada’s blood system: FAQs from Canadian Blood Services
• Universal precautions from the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
• Universal precautions and blood safety from UNAIDS
• PSAC Policy on AIDS and HIV from Public Service Alliance of Canada
• More on Universal precautions (Routine practices)

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Reproductive and maternal health

Information on fertility options and for preventing or reducing the risk for HIV transmission in pregnancy, childbirth and infancy

• You can have a healthy pregnancy if you are HIV positive from Voices of Positive Women and CATIE
• Healthy options for women from Women's Health in Women's Hands
• HIV testing in pregnancy from the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
• Mode of delivery for pregnant women infected by the human immunodeficiency virus – Clinical Practice Guideline from the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
• More on HIV and Pregnancy
• More on Family planning and fertility options
• More on Reproductive and maternal health programs

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Biomedical interventions

Information on physical and medical interventions that may reduce HIV infectiousness and susceptibility

Condoms and other physical barriers

Information on the use of physical barriers for vaginal, anal or oral sex to reduce the risk of HIV transmission

• HIV/AIDS and prevention options for women from the Interagency Coalition on AIDS and Development
• More on Condoms and other physical barriers

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Circumcision

Information on male circumcision to reduce the risk of HIV transmission

• Male circumcision and risk for HIV transmission from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• New data on male circumcision and HIV prevention from the World Health Organization
• New approaches to HIV prevention from the Global HIV Prevention Working Group
• A New era for HIV prevention? – report of the Forum for Collaborative HIV Research, "Biomedical Interventions of HIV Prevention" Working Group
• Tools, Trends and New Technologies in HIV Prevention from the Interagency Coalition on AIDS and Development
• More on Circumcision

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Pre-exposure prophylaxis for prevention (PrEP)

Information on the use of antiretroviral drugs by HIV-negative people to reduce the risk of HIV transmission before exposure

• Frequently Asked Questions about Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) from Prevention Research Advocacy Working Group (PRAWG)
• Potential HIV Prevention Technologies – video from CATIE
• More on Pre-exposure prophylaxis for prevention (PrEP)

Web sites

• AVAC: Global Advocacy for HIV Prevention – a comprehensive information source on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention
• Prevention Research Advocacy Working Group (PRAWG) from the Community HIV/AIDS Mobilization Project (CHAMP)
• Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis from Medical Advocates
• CDC’s Clinical Studies of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention

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Post-exposure prophylaxis for prevention (PEP)

Information on the use of antiretroviral drugs by HIV-negative people to reduce the risk of HIV transmission after exposure

• PEP: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (Treatment After Exposure to HIV) from CATIE
• More on Post-exposure prophylaxis for prevention (PEP)

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Treating HIV to prevent HIV transmission

Information on the use of antiretroviral drugs by HIV-positive people to reduce the risk of HIV transmission

• Treatment as prevention: We’ve all heard about it but what does it really mean? from Prevention in Focus
• Swiss guidelines take a troubling turn from CATIE
• Sex, Drugs and Viral Load - Does undetectable = uninfectious? – from The Positive Side
• More on Treating HIV to prevent HIV transmission

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Treating sexually transmitted infections to prevent HIV transmission

Information on the screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to reduce the risk of HIV transmission

• Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections from the Public Health Agency of Canada

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Microbicides

Information on the use of suppositories and topically applied treatments to reduce the risk of HIV transmission

• Frequently Asked Questions About Microbicides from The Global Campaign for Microbicides
• Rectal Microbicides: What you need to know from International Rectal Microbicide Advocates (IRMA)
• Microbicides Research & Development from The Global Campaign for Microbicides
• More on Microbicides

Web sites

• Global Campaign for Microbicides
• International Rectal Microbicide Advocates (IRMA)
• Microbicides AVAC: Global Advocacy for HIV Prevention
• International Partnership for Microbicides
• Microbicide Trials Network (MTN)

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Vaccines

Information on the use of immunization to reduce the risk of HIV transmission and/or delay disease progression

• Tools, Trends and New Technologies in HIV Prevention from the Interagency Coalition on AIDS and Development
• The elusive HIV vaccine  from CATIE
• More on Vaccines

Web sites

• The Canadian HIV Vaccine Initiative (CHVI)

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Structural interventions

For information on structural interventions that may reduce the risk of transmission of HIV, please visit Social determinants of health.

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Combination prevention

Information for combining behavioural, biomedical and structural prevention approaches to reduce the risk of HIV transmission

• The Lancet HIV prevention series
• Prevention there will be no magic bullet, we need ‘combination prevention’ from aidsmap.com
• UNAIDS Combination Prevention Briefs
• More on Combination prevention

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Decisions about particular medical treatments should always be made in consultation with a qualified medical practitioner who is knowledgeable about HIV-related illness and the treatments in question. MORE

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